ABSTRACT
Objective Evaluate the effect of glycemic index (GI) on biochemical parameters, food intake, energy metabolism, anthropometric measures and body composition in overweight subjects.Materials and methods Simple blind study, in which nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to consume in the laboratory two daily low GI (n = 10) or high GI (n = 9) meals, for forty-five consecutive days. Habitual food intake was assessed at baseline. Food intake, anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed at each 15 days. Energy metabolism and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and the end of the study.Results Low GI meals increased fat oxidation, and reduced waist circumference and HOMA-IR, while high GI meals increased daily dietary fiber and energy intake compared to baseline. There was a higher reduction on waist circumference and body fat, and a higher increase on postprandial fat oxidation in response to the LGI meals than after high GI meals. High GI meals increased fasting respiratory coefficient compared to baseline and low GI meals.Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the consumption of two daily low GI meals for forty-five consecutive days has a positive effect on obesity control, whereas, the consumption of high GI meals result has the opposite effect. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):245-51.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Membrane Proteins/chemistry , Phenylalanine/chemistry , Amino Acid Motifs , Amino Acid Sequence , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Chemotaxis , Conserved Sequence , Dimerization , Escherichia coli/chemistry , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/physiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Protein Conformation , Phenylalanine/genetics , Phenylalanine/metabolismABSTRACT
Taxol is one of the most important anti-cancer drugs, which is obtained from yew trees [Taxus sp.]. T+he first step in side chain assembly of taxol is catalyzed by phenylalanine aminomutase, which converts alpha-phenylalanine to beta-phenylalanine. In this study, for the first time, we report on the cloning, preliminary expression and characterization of a full-length gene and cDNA encoding phenylalanine aminomutase from Taxus baccata L. Comparison of the full-length gene with other ones identified from the Taxus species showed high similarity, particularly with Taxus x media. The results showed that the expression level of this gene in Taxus baccata is very low and therefore this enzymatic step could be a rate limiting step in the taxol biosynthesis pathway. Successful amplification of the cDNA was only obtained from RNA samples isolated from methyl jasmonate elicited suspension cells of Taxus baccata. The cloned cDNA contained a 2064 bp open reading frame encoding a protein composed of 687 amino acids. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that the gene is very similar [98 - 99%] with respect to the nucleotide and amino acid sequences in different Taxus species and also share the signature active site motif [175ASG177]. The predicted structure of TbPAM was analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The results indicated that the protein has similar overall folding to tyrosine aminomutase.
Subject(s)
Phenylalanine/genetics , Cloning, Molecular , ResearchABSTRACT
Sixty-one cystic fibrosis patients admitted for check-up or antibiotic tretment were enrolled for genetic and clinical evaluation. Genetic analysis was performed on blood samples stored on neonatal screening cards using PCR techniques to determine the presence of deltaF508 mutations. Clinical evaluation included Shwachman and Chrispin-Norman scores, age at onset of symptoms and diagnosis, spirometry, awake and sleep pulse oximetry, hyponychial angle measurement and presence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. Eighteen patients (29.5 percent) were homozygous for the deltaF508 mutation, 26 (42.6 percent) had one deltaF508 mutation and 17 (27.9 percent) were noncarriers, corresponding to a 50.8 percent prevalence of the mutation in the whole population. Analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of genetic status with continuous variables or by the chi-square test and logistic regression for dichotomous variables showed no significant differences between any two groups for alpha=0.05. We conclude that genetic status in relation to the deltaF508 mutation is not associated with pulomnary status as evaluated by the above variables.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Cystic Fibrosis/genetics , Homozygote , Lung/physiopathology , Mutation/genetics , Phenylalanine/genetics , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Respiratory Function TestsABSTRACT
Actualmente, la genética moderna se considera una disciplina central en el estudio de la variabilidad y la herencia humana; ha permitido el entendimiento de muchas enfermedades de las diferentes áreas médicas y en un futuro se esperan importantes logros. El modelo de herencia mendeliana en la que rasgos dominantes y recesivos se transmiten de acuerdo a la segregación cromosómica es la base del conocimiento de las enfermedades genéticas. Sin embargo, muchos clínicos se encuentran con familias cuya historia genética no se explica fácilmente por este esquema. La genética molecular ha revelado nuevos mecanismos acerca de la herencia humana que permite explicar esta ®herencia no tradicional¼, la cual incluye principalmente: el mosaicismo, herencia mitocondrial, impronta genómica, disomía uniparental y enfermedades por trinucleótidos de repetición